Loadstar 128 18/q18.d81/t.zero page 18

Text File | 2022-08-28 | 9KB | 187 lines

                 ZERO PAGE: AN ALMOST FOOLPROOF INPUT ROUTINE

                               by Fender Tucker


     Here I go again, acting as if I'm some sort of master programmer for
the C-128.  Last issue I talked about a routine that displays a disk's
directory in a menu so the user could choose a file without having to type
or remember anything.  It wasn't foolproof but it worked good enough for me
to use it in CRYPTI-CROSTICS this issue.

     BASIC 7.0 has so many good features and commands that I haven't gotten
around to using or learning all of them, but it still lacks a decent INPUT
command.  When you want a user to enter something, you, as a programmer, and
I, as an editor, don't want anything to go wrong.  If you use the INPUT
command there's no telling what may happen.  For instance, your program has
this line

10 INPUTA$

 (1) The user presses CRSR UP or DOWN.  The user may end up typing all over
your nice screen.  If he moves the cursor back into place before entering
his string he picks up the question mark as part of his string!

 (2) The user presses HOME or CLR.  Either the cursor ends up in the home
position or your beautiful screen is gone.

 (3) The user keeps typing like a damn fool and scrolls the screen or messes
up the next screen line.

 (4) The user uses DELete and backs up over the question mark.  If he backs
up to the screen line above, your program will get a string that's 80 or so
characters long.

     From an esthetic point of view INPUT is a loser, also, since it assumes
your prompt is a question.  Let's face it, we don't want any INPUT commands
in LOADSTAR prpograms.

     The only thing INPUT has going for it is that it's easy for the
programmer to implement.  My method (which is almost foolproof) takes a
little programming to do but once you've got the routine done, you can save
it as an ASCII file or program, then append it to your program.

 CALLING THE ROUTINE
 -------------------

     Whenever you are tempted to use INPUT PQ$, use this instead:

     lq=16:window38,22,38+lq,22,1:pq$=f$:gosub30000

This will put the cursor at tab 38 on line 22 and will limit the input to 16
characters.  If f$ is already defined, it will be placed in the input window
as a default and the cursor will be placed in the space right after it.  In
my opinion, this is the easiest way to display a default string for the user
to accept as is, or modify.  If you want a prompt, position it in the proper
place right BEFORE the start of the window.

     Say your program is working with f$ = "test" and it's time for the user
to save his file (f$).  If the user wants to keep "test" as a filename, the
name is displayed and the user just has to hit RETURN to accept "test".  If
he wants to save it under another name, he either DELetes "test" (which is
displayed) or adds on to the "test" name.  A quick way of deleting the
default is to press CLR (SHIFT-HOME).  To move the cursor to the first
character of the input box he can just press HOME.

     What you, as the programmer, have to consider is the location of the
input area and the length.  Notice that the second and fourth parameters of
the WINDOW command are the same.  The input window will be just one screen
line high.  LQ is the length of the input field.  The right end of the
window is equal to the left end plus the length of the desired input (38 +
16).

 THE ROUTINE ITSELF
 ------------------

     The routine takes up 8 lines of BASIC.  The routine is saved on the
issue as "input.bas" and "input.asc".  I'll explain those later.  The
routine looks like:

 30000 printchr$(27)"m"chr$(27)"f":printpq$;:sys52591
 30010 getkeya$:ifa$=chr$(13)then30030:elseifpos(0)=lqthena$="CRSR LEFT]"
 30020 printa$;:goto30010
 30030 sys52639:pq$="":?"[HOME]"spc(lq-1);
 30040 close2:open2,3,2:fori=1tolq:get#2,a$:print"[CRSR LEFT][CRSR LEFT]";:
         ifa$<>" "theneq=lq-i+1:i=lq:next:elsenext
 30050 print"[HOME]";:close2:open2,3,2:fori=1toeq:get#2,a$
 30060 pq$=pq$+a$
 30070 next:close2:print"[HOME][HOME]"chr$(27)"l":return

Line 30000 puts the window in the no scroll mode (ESC "m"), makes the cursor
flash (ESC "f"), then prints the default (pq$) with the cursor right after
the end of the default.  The SYS turns the cursor on.

Line 30010 gets a character from the keyboard.  If it's RETURN then the
input is over, otherwise it checks to see if the cursor is in the rightmost
space in the window.  If so it makes a$ equal to CRSR LEFT.  This is a
"fudge factor" that was needed because the window is actually one space
larger than LQ.

Line 30020 prints the character and goes back to 30010 for another.

Line 30030 turns off the flashing cursor, clears pq$, then places the cursor
at the very end of the input box.  The SYS to turn off the cursor is very
important or you'll have trouble with the cursor in the rest of your
program.

Line 30040 closes then opens a file to the SCREEN!  Then it inputs a
character, one at a time, moving backward to the end of the input.  This is
just a sneaky way of finding out how long the input string is.  The
80-column screen is not easy to PEEK so GET#ing the info from the screen is
the easiest way I know of to do this.

Lines 30050 - 30070 puts the cursor at the beginning of the input window,
opens a channel to the screen, GET#s whatever is in the window, makes it
into PQ$, closes the channel, disables the window ([HOME][HOME]), re-enables
the scroll (ESC "l") and returns to the calling line.

 OVERVIEW
 --------

     Until I discovered the two SYSes that turn the cursor on and off this
routine was not very valuable because it was practically impossible to
position the cursor for the rest of the program.  Apparently, once you set a
cursor flashing with ESC "f" you can't turn it off with another ESC code.
You must use the SYS.

     This routine is designed to replace INPUT so it creates a window that
is one screen line high.  You could conceivably use it with a deeper window
by modifying it somewhat.  In fact, the version I use in CRYPTI-CROSTICS is
modified for this purpose.

     Adding this routine to your BASIC program is simple if you have
JiffyDOS or some cartridge that allows you to list a file to the screen.
Just make sure your program doesn't have any code numbered in the 30000
area, then use this command

   @d:input.bas

with the LOADSTAR disk in the drive.  The seven lines will be read to the
screen where you can enter them by pressing RETURN over each of them.

     Some cartridges will read an ASCII file to the screen, but not a
tokenized BASIC file.  It's handy to have an ASCII version of the routine
which you can read with @t: (JiffyDOS), & (WarpSpeed), or ! (Super
Snapshot).  To create an ASCII file of a routine, have the routine in memory
by itself.  List it to make sure that only the routine is there, then enter
the following in the immediate mode:

  open2,8,2,"routine name,p,w":cmd2:list

The drive will light up and stay lit.  When the disk stops spinning and the
cursor appears, enter on another blank line:

  print#2:close2

     If you don't have a cartridge or JiffyDOS, then the following little
type-in line will read an ASCII file to the screen.

 20 open2,8,2,"filename,p,r":fori=0to1:get#2,a$:printa$;:i=st:next:close2

     In my opinion, this is easier than using any append trick because they
usually depend on the routine being added to the END of your program.  This
method allows you to enter the lines anywhere in your program depenaing on
their line numbers.  If you like your routines toward the beginning of your
programs (say between lines 20 and 100), just number them that way before
saving them to disk as ASCII.  If you're really organized you could have all
of your favorite BASIC routines saved as ASCII files with DIFFERENT, yet
consistent, line numbers.  Then you can add as many, or few, routines to
your programs as you need and they won't get in each other's way.

     So let's don't see the INPUT routine in programs you send to LOADSTAR.
Of course BASIC 2.0 doesn't have a WINDOW command so for 64 programs you'll
have to use another method.  LOADSTAR has published dozens of them over the
years.

     Finally, why do I call thi